Who hasn’t started their day with a good cup of coffee? A morning staple, a companion during office breaks, and an ally for long nights of studying... Coffee is everywhere, and for many, it’s almost indispensable. But beyond its taste and stimulating effects, coffee hides a complex reality of massive consumption, ecological impact, and international regulations.
Different types of coffee
Before diving into the subject, let’s explore the various coffee varieties. The two main species are Arabica, which is milder and more aromatic, and Robusta, which is stronger and richer in caffeine. There are also countless ways to enjoy it: espresso, drip coffee, ristretto, latte, cappuccino... and of course, the famous capsules that divide coffee lovers.
Who Drinks the most coffee?
While Italy or France might come to mind, the biggest coffee consumers are actually in the Nordic countries! Finland tops the chart with approximately 12 kg of coffee per person per year, followed closely by Norway and Iceland. In comparison, the average French person consumes around 5 kg annually, which is still considerable.
- The rise of coffee shops
Coffee shops are booming in major cities worldwide, from Paris to Madrid to New York. Driven by a growing demand for specialty coffee, these establishments focus on high-quality beans, meticulous extraction methods, and carefully curated atmospheres. More than just places for coffee, they become social hubs where people work and unwind. This trend has brought diversified offerings, with some combining concepts like bookstores or coworking spaces to redefine the modern coffee experience.
Several factors explain this trend: consumers are seeking quality products, transparency in sourcing, and artisanal roasting methods. Coffee shops cater to these demands by offering specialty brews, precise preparation techniques, and a wide variety to satisfy discerning palates.
- Starbucks: a coffee fast-food turned empire
Talking about coffee without mentioning Starbucks would be almost criminal. Founded in 1971 in Seattle, the chain is now a global reference. An interesting fact: the brand’s name comes from Starbuck, a character in the novel Moby Dick, nodding to maritime trade routes for coffee. With over 35,000 stores worldwide, Starbucks has revolutionized coffee consumption, turning it into an experience with elaborate orders (hello, "venti caramel macchiato extra shot").
Coffee is primarily grown in the tropical belt (Brazil, Colombia, Vietnam...). Unfortunately, rising demand has led to massive deforestation, especially in South America. Forests are cleared to plant coffee trees, threatening biodiversity and accelerating climate change.
Capsules and pollution: an ongoing debate
The rise of capsule coffee machines has changed our habits, but at what cost? Aluminum and plastic capsules pose significant environmental issues. Over 56 billion capsules are used annually, with less than 30% being recycled.
European laws: toward more responsible coffee
In response to environmental challenges, the European Union has implemented regulations to limit coffee production’s ecological impact. For instance, a law adopted in 2023 bans the import of coffee sourced from deforested areas, pushing producers to adopt more sustainable practices.
The EUDR (EU Deforestation Regulation)
Companies must now prove their products don’t contribute to deforestation or face hefty fines. This regulation could significantly impact coffee producers, prompting the adoption of greener methods.
Fair Trade: a responsible alternative
Coffee is much more than just a drink. Behind every cup lies a complex industry with ecological, economic, and ethical challenges. As consumers, we have a role to play: choose committed brands, reduce disposable capsule use, and stay informed about coffee origins. After all, coffee tastes even better when enjoyed without guilt!
